The transformation of artificial intelligence and information technologies

Abstract

This article analyzes the accelerated transformation of artificial intelligence (AI) and information and communication technologies (ICTs) and how this transformation must be addressed from two inseparable perspectives: the protection/transformation of fundamental rights and interdisciplinarity. It argues that state development requires responsible public policies, transparency, e-government, and social orientation, but also a citizenry and a state "in tune" with technological change. It outlines the evolution of AI (from expert systems to deep learning, supervised/unsupervised/reinforcement learning) and describes current applications such as NLP (chatbots), GAN/GAUGAN (image generation), and NeRF (3D environments). It posits that AI is inherently interdisciplinary and that its deployment impacts the economy, education, public administration, and, especially, law. It warns of risks related to digital inequality, privacy, cybersecurity, disinformation, and the concentration of power, proposing training and phased policies tailored to each country's specific circumstances to ensure technological benefits without infringing upon fundamental rights.